Traditional interpretations of Christ's death, often labeled "theories of the atonement," frequently misrepresent Paul's understanding of salvation. These theories, including satisfaction, penal substitution, and some participatory views, often suggest that Christ's death inherently or mechanically "effected" salvation, reconciled humanity to God, or satisfied divine judgment. However, these concepts are largely foreign to Paul's thought and were read back into his letters by later theologians.
Instead, Paul's view of Christ's death is deeply rooted in a foundational story shared by ancient Judaism and early Christianity. For Paul, Jesus' death was not salvific in itself, but rather as an integral part of God's overarching divine plan. It was the consequence of Jesus' unwavering dedication and faithfulness to his mission as God's instrument, aimed at bringing about the awaited redemption of Israel, which would also include Gentiles. God responded to Jesus' faithfulness unto death by raising him, thereby ensuring the fulfillment of all divine promises of salvation. Through Jesus' death and subsequent resurrection, a new covenant community, the church, was established. In this community, people from all nations can now find salvation and forgiveness of sins as they live under Christ's lordship, guided by the Holy Spirit.
Stories Of Redemption In The Christian Tradition
The Jewish Story of Redemption Known to Paul
The Early Christian Story Of Redemption
The Story Of Redemption According To Paul